Borders fixed by international law
594 states, peoples and territories are mapped in 1650. The largest are Tsardom of Muscovy, Ottoman Empire, central Asian khanates.
Explore 1650 on the mapAreas calculated from the map outlines (≈). Share of Earth's land area including Antarctica.
| # | State or people | Area | Share of land |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tsardom of Muscovy | 12,710,534 km² (4,907,565 sq mi) | 8.5% |
| 2 | Ottoman Empire | 5,484,804 km² (2,117,695 sq mi) | 3.7% |
| 3 | central Asian khanates | 5,302,631 km² (2,047,357 sq mi) | 3.6% |
| 4 | Manchu Empire | 5,197,954 km² (2,006,941 sq mi) | 3.5% |
| 5 | Viceroyalty of Peru | 3,786,739 km² (1,462,068 sq mi) | 2.5% |
| 6 | Amazon hunter-gatherers | 3,183,446 km² (1,229,135 sq mi) | 2.1% |
| 7 | Viceroyalty of New Spain | 2,891,299 km² (1,116,337 sq mi) | 1.9% |
| 8 | Mughal Empire | 2,735,574 km² (1,056,211 sq mi) | 1.8% |
| 9 | Safavid Empire | 2,096,125 km² (809,318 sq mi) | 1.4% |
| 10 | Tibet | 2,068,663 km² (798,715 sq mi) | 1.4% |
| 11 | Quazaq Khanate | 1,950,559 km² (753,115 sq mi) | 1.3% |
| 12 | Athabaskan | 1,739,800 km² (671,741 sq mi) | 1.2% |
Comparing the two snapshots. Some differences reflect improved mapping rather than real events, especially before 1500.
Never formalized
The Manchu Qing enter Beijing after the Ming collapse. Ming loyalists hold Taiwan until 1683, and Qing expansion into Xinjiang is completed in 1759.
See it on the 1650 map