ConquestHeld by forceAndes
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
- Control taken
- 1533
- Made official
- Never
Never formalized
Pizarro takes Cusco in 1533. Inca resistance holds out in Vilcabamba until 1572.
See it on the 1600 mapApproximate borders
The world in 1600
639 states, peoples and territories are mapped in 1600. The largest are central Asian khanates, Tsardom of Muscovy, Ming Chinese Empire.
Explore 1600 on the mapLargest in 1600
Areas calculated from the map outlines (≈). Share of Earth's land area including Antarctica.
| # | State or people | Area | Share of land |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | central Asian khanates | 11,066,866 km² (4,272,941 sq mi) | 7.4% |
| 2 | Tsardom of Muscovy | 6,856,188 km² (2,647,189 sq mi) | 4.6% |
| 3 | Ming Chinese Empire | 6,026,567 km² (2,326,871 sq mi) | 4.0% |
| 4 | Ottoman Empire | 5,268,661 km² (2,034,241 sq mi) | 3.5% |
| 5 | Amazon hunter-gatherers | 3,215,447 km² (1,241,491 sq mi) | 2.2% |
| 6 | Savanna hunter-gatherers | 2,983,259 km² (1,151,843 sq mi) | 2.0% |
| 7 | Subarctic forest hunter-gatherers | 2,120,784 km² (818,839 sq mi) | 1.4% |
| 8 | Tibet | 2,061,895 km² (796,102 sq mi) | 1.4% |
| 9 | Islamic and Hindu states | 1,994,944 km² (770,252 sq mi) | 1.3% |
| 10 | Quazaq Khanate | 1,950,559 km² (753,115 sq mi) | 1.3% |
| 11 | Pampas cultures | 1,827,510 km² (705,606 sq mi) | 1.2% |
| 12 | Athabaskan | 1,739,800 km² (671,741 sq mi) | 1.2% |
What changed since 1530
Comparing the two snapshots. Some differences reflect improved mapping rather than real events, especially before 1500.
Grew the most
- central Asian khanates41k km² → 11,067k km²
- Tsardom of Muscovy2,130k km² → 6,856k km²
- Subarctic forest hunter-gatherers546k km² → 2,121k km²
- Sweden537k km² → 684k km²
- Korea127k km² → 218k km²
Shrank the most
- Australian aboriginal hunter-gatherers7,602k km² → 145k km²
- Nogai Horde1,803k km² → 365k km²
- Quazaq Khanate2,172k km² → 1,951k km²
- Ayutthaya869k km² → 734k km²
Appeared
- Viceroyalty of Peru1,175k km²
- Wiradjuri182k km²
- Mardu172k km²
- Kokatha165k km²
- Pintupi163k km²
- Watjarri144k km²
- Arrernte142k km²
- Warlpiri140k km²
Disappeared
- Inca Empire1,175k km²
- Khanate of Sibir679k km²
- Bukara Khanate562k km²
- Kazan Khanate538k km²
- Nenets369k km²
- Sámi273k km²
- Plateau fichers and hunter gatherers271k km²
- Khanty253k km²
Land that changed hands, 1530 – 1600
ConquestHeld by forceVolga
Ivan IV conquers Kazan and Astrakhan
- Control taken
- 1552
- Made official
- Never
Never formalized
Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556) give Muscovy the whole Volga and open the route to Siberia.
See it on the 1600 mapIndependenceMade officialNetherlands
Dutch independence: declared 1581, recognized 1648
- Control taken
- 1581
- Made official
- 1648
67 years from control to formal recognition · Peace of Münster (part of the Peace of Westphalia)
The northern provinces renounce Philip II in the Act of Abjuration. Spain only recognizes their independence 67 years later.
See it on the 1600 mapConquestHeld by forceSiberia
Russian conquest of Siberia begins
- Control taken
- 1582
- Made official
- Never
Never formalized
Yermak's Cossacks defeat the Khanate of Sibir. Russians reach the Pacific coast at Okhotsk by 1639, an advance of about 5,000 km in under 60 years.
See it on the 1600 map